Essay on The Battle of Britain in 1940 - 1245 Words

The Battle of Britain in 1940 In the summer of 1940, the German Luftwaffe attempted to win air superiority over southern Britain and the English Channel by destroying the Royal Air Force and the British aircraft industry. This attempt came to be known as the Battle of Britain, and victory over the RAF was seen by the Germans as absolutely essential if they were eventually to mount an invasion of the British Isles. The Germans had overrun Belgium, the Netherlands and northern France in May 1940, using the Blitzkrieg (Lightning War) technique that relied, among other things, on close coordination between ground troops and the air force. Although the Luftwaffe proved very competent in this†¦show more content†¦In addition even if Hitler had achieved his aim of destroying the RAF, Germany might still have failed to establish a foothold after any invasion, because the British Royal Navy was enormously strong, and very capable of repulsing German troop ships. Suppression of the British air force would have been the first difficult step to a German victory, but it was not the only factor, and the British would have found they had plenty more tricks up their sleeve. There was nothing to stop them from withdrawing their aircraft northwards, out of range of the German fighters, if they started to lose the air battle, keeping the aircraft in reserve to counter an attempted German invasion. The combatants There were plenty of indications that the Luftwaffe might face real problems in accomplishing their initial step towards the conquest of Britain. The first came during the evacuation of Allied troops from the Dunkirk beaches at the end of May. The Luftwaffes principal modern fighter, the Messerschmitt Bf109E (Me-109), had limited range and was operating from bases some way from Dunkirk, making the German bombers very vulnerable to the most modern RAF fighters. This was a foretaste of the problems that they would soon face over Britain itself, and during the operation they lost 240Show MoreRelatedChurchill and the Battle of Brittain839 Words   |  3 Pages18, 1940, Prime Minister Winston Churchill was speaking to the British House of Commons when he said â€Å"The Battle of France is over. I expect the Battle of Britain is about to begin.† Just the day before, the French signed a peace treaty and were no longer involved with World War II. The Battle of Britain was the air battle between Germany and Britain for control over Great Britain’s air space. This happened during July 1940 to May 1941, with the heaviest fighting from July to October 1940. WinstonRead MoreHistory Notes on Ww21625 Words   |  7 Pages19.1 NOTES European Aggressors on the March In 1935, Mussolini attacks Ethiopia to build a colonial empire. League of Nations does not stop aggression. In 1935 Hitler begins rebuilding the German army. In 1936 Germany occupies Rhineland. Britain urges appeasement, a policy of giving in to aggression. In 1936, Germany, Italy, and Japan – the Axis power-form and alliance. Democratic Nations Try to Preserve Peace United States follows an isolationist policy. Isolationism- avoidance ofRead MoreBattle of Britain1604 Words   |  7 Pagesfrom the Brits: An Investigation of Hitler’s Defeat at the Battle of Britain By: Jake Pilla Global History II 11-28-07 In 1940, German planes flew over Britain in an attempt to take over the country and tear apart the enemy’s alliance. Britain was surprised by this attack, but countered by shooting down at least twenty planes of the Luftwaffe, the Nazi air force, during the initial attack. Hitler sent waves of planes into Britain every day, trying to lower British morale; however, he didRead MoreThe Battle Of The Atlantic1638 Words   |  7 PagesThe Battle of the Atlantic (03 September 1939 to 08 May 1945) I. Background The Battle of the Atlantic was the longest continuous military campaign in World War II, running from 1939 to the defeat of Germany in 1945. At its core was the Allied naval blockade of Germany, announced the day after the declaration of war, and Germany s subsequent counter-blockade. It was at its height from mid-1940 through to the end of 1943. The Battle of the Atlantic pitted U-boats and other warships of the KriegsmarineRead MoreWorld War Two And Its Effect On The World1485 Words   |  6 Pageshad surrendered in 1945, which was six years after it began. It began in September 1939 when Britain and France declared war on Germany after Germany had invaded Poland. January 1933 Adolf Hitler became Chancellor of Germany and he immediately he secretly built up Germany s army and weapons. In 1934 he made the size of the army bigger and he began to build warships and he created a German air force. Britain and France were aware of Germany preparing for war but they were concerned abou t the rise ofRead MoreBattle of the Atlantic Notes1182 Words   |  5 PagesBattle of the Atlantic The Battle of the Atlantic played a very significant part in World War Two. In World War Two, after the escape atDunkirk and the inspiration of the Battle of Britain, the Battle of the Atlantic was Britain s next nightmare. The Battle of the Atlantic was the only thing that ever frightened me. Winston Churchill. As an island Britain needed to bring in a vast amount of food and military equipment to survive the war. The German submarine force (U-boats) severely damagedRead MoreA Very Brief Look at Worl War II693 Words   |  3 PagesFrance and Great Britain declared war on Germany September 3rd. After France and Great Britain declared war on Germany they mobilized their armies and stationed their troops. Waiting for Germany to attack, but they never did. This eventually became known as the Phony War. By the end of May in 1940 the Germans had trapped all of the allied forces around a northern French city. Allies went to the beaches at Dunkirk because they were outnumbered, and outgunned. Great Britain set out to rescueRead MoreThe Battle of Britain: The Nazi ´s Failure1201 Words   |  5 PagesBattle of Britain is the name given to the effort by the German air force, run by Luftwaffe to gain air superiority over the Royal Air Force (RAF). The Battle of Britain was the first major battle to be fought entirely by air forces. It was the largest and most sustained bombing campaign to be a ttempted, as well as the first real test of vital bombing theories developed since World War I. The failure of Nazi Germany to destroy Britains air force or to break the spirit of the British governmentRead MoreEssay about The Battle of Dunkirk: A Tactical Defeat1616 Words   |  7 PagesThe Battle of Dunkirk happened in Northern France between May 26 and June 4 1940 and was a major battle of the Second World War which occurred between 1939-1945. The Second World War was very different to the first with rapid movement covering huge amounts of land in very little time. This was due to the German Army’s speed which used â€Å"Blitzkrieg† or â€Å"Lightning war† tactics. Prior to the invasion of France there had been 7 months of â€Å"Phoney war†; However the French had anticipated the attack andRead MoreGermany And The World War II1553 Words   |  7 Pagesfront line. The German forces were quickly pushing through the lowlands of Europe causing the French and British troops to flee into Great Britain or face the German army. â€Å"More than 300,000 French and British troops were evacuated from the beaches near Dunkirk across the English Channel to Great Britain† (â€Å"German Invasion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). From May 28 through the 31 in 1940 there were 40,000 men remaining of the once formidable French army. These troops fought to delay the German armies who were trying to stop

Annotated Bibliography Types Of Leftist Governments

Steven Venegas July 23, 2016 Annotated Bibliography Question: What preexisting or absent institutions have led Latin American nations to see a divergence in the types of leftist governments in power? Group 1: Party Systems and Political Institutions French, John. 2010. â€Å"Many Lefts, One Path? Chavez and Lula.† In Latin America’s Left Turns: Politics, Policies, and Trajectories of Change. Eds. Maxwell A. Cameron Eric Hershberg. Boulder, Colorado: Lynne Rienner Publishers, Inc. 41-60. French poses that â€Å"the key to unity that exists in within the left’s diversity... can be found in the notion of the left as a space of convergence across difference based on a common anti neoliberal politics.† (French, p. 42) This idea allows for an†¦show more content†¦All of these features of a regime, if disrupted or altered, could be the difference between a stable democracy and it demonstrating a radical archetype of ascendancy. After explaining both alternatives, Mainwaring comes to the conclusion that â€Å"Presidentialism and a fractionalized multi party system seems especially inimical to stable democracy† in that they are conducive to gridlock between the executive and legislative branches of government. (Mainwaring, p. 168) Levitsky, Steven, and Kenneth M. Roberts. The Resurgence of the Latin American Left. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins UP, 2011. Print. Theorists Steven Levitsky and Kenneth Roberts articulate two divergent paths that the left took as a result of their party systems and political institutions, or lack there of. The two give light to the divergence of an institutional path and a populist path, which they are able to closely associate to various political regimes currently in power throughout Latin America. This further branches out how even following the presidential path, rather than parliamentary, can see more divisions. Mainwaring, Scott. â€Å"Presidentialism, Multipartism, and Democracy: The Difficult Combination.† Comparative Political Studies. Vol. 26: July 1993. Pp. 198-228. Noting that multipartism isn’t conducive for the consolidation of democracy and that there are many regimes following the

Citizen Bank Case Free Essays

The merger of U. S. Citizen Bank and Louisiana Purchase Bank (LPB) in 1998 resulted in a formation of a financial powerhouse possessing core competencies in commercial lending and innovation. We will write a custom essay sample on Citizen Bank Case or any similar topic only for you Order Now Upon recognizing the much needed annuity-driven market potential existing within the U. S. college population, the LPB pioneered the student credit card program in 1989. Indeed, the student credit card program proved to be more profitable with net income margin around 6 percent compared to that of 4 percent for non-student product offerings. In fact, LPB was collecting revenue on 60 percent of its accounts. The sheer magnitude of credit usage among college students caught public’s attention. Well respected college professors claimed direct correlation between credit institutions’ success and college students’ irresponsible financial behavior leading to debt and higher drop-out rates. Due to this increased public awareness, The U. S.  General Accounting Office (GAO) initiated an investigative report to further analyze the magnitude of student credit card usage and its consequences on students’ academic, financial, and personal well-being. The GAO asked LPB’s head of Student Card Services division, Michelle Jeffries, to participate in a survey soliciting data pertinent to their college student accounts as well as information regarding LPB’s marketing approach to this demographic. Data submitted would be compared to that of other (unnamed) financial institutions and published (in aggregate) without identifying individual responders. In addition, Michelle Jeffries was notified that a popular investigative television series, ’60 Minutes’ will be featuring a story on student credit cards and plans to portray credit card issuers in a negative light similar to that of tobacco companies. I believe Michelle is in the best position to be the key decision maker due to the fact that she has the most insight into divisional operations, objectives, and values. She is the leader of the student credit card services division and should be the one to decide and communicate next steps – after having gathered input from other constituents – including the President, Risk Manager and other employees. Michelle needs to consider the interests of U. S. Citizen Bank, its employees and shareholders, all calling for a profitable and prospering organization. In addition, she needs to consider the rights of general public and media to know what U. S.  Citizen Bank’s ultimate objectives are, including its corporate values and goals. Does U. S. Citizen Bank need to have a moral obligation to look after the best interests of customers it serves? If so, what is in college students’ best interest when it comes to credit cards? Is it ethical to extend credit to students? Finally, Michelle needs to think about her own virtues and character in addition to those of the organization. What virtues does the company value the most? Do those align with her personal virtues? The most important ethical issue at hand is the implied allegation that success of U. S Citizen Bank’s Student Card Services division was at the expense of college students’ financial well-being. That begs the question of moral obligation and the ethics of extending credit to college students. Another important ethical issue is U. S. Citizen Bank’s response to the public in regards to the GAO survey as well as 60 Minutes. The bank is being asked to disclose confidential customer information as well as their business and marketing plans. Lastly, Michelle needs to marry her own personal values to those of the organization which she leads. She has a solid track record of being honest, fair and ethical and she needs to lead the organization keeping those core values in mind. Lastly, she needs to assure those shared values are actually being practiced. Michelle is presented with the following possible options. She could disregard GAO’s request for information on grounds of protecting customer privacy as well as corporate business and marketing plans in terms of promotional and marketing strategies. She could also choose not to publicly address 60 Minutes to avoid the possibility of self-imposed negative attention on U. S. Citizen Bank in relation to the series. Another viable option would be to submit the requested information to the GAO as well as publicly address the 60 Minutes series while firmly defending company’s current strategy without identifying any holes or areas for improvement. The third option would be to respond to the GAO’s request as well as release a public statement in response to the 60 Minutes series clearly identifying U.  S. Citizen Bank’s corporate values, objectives and responsibilities to all of its stakeholders. In both responses, Michelle could acknowledge things the corporation believes they’ve done right as well as things they could and plan to improve on in response to helping college students become more financially responsible when it comes to credit card debt. Michelle should respond to the GAO survey by submitting requested account data and marketing information while emphasizing company’s strong commitment to customer privacy and onfidentiality of information submitted. She should address the 60 Minutes series by clearly identifying and defending her organization’s values and commitment to its customers. She should highlight company’s accomplishments and strides in the area of student credit card education programs. Furthermore, she should identify areas of improvement with well-defined action plans that will elevate the organization to the next level vs. merely pointing out weaknesses to the competitors. The overall theme should re-iterate company’s commitment to all of its stakeholders, acknowledging what they’ve done to support that commitment followed by an action plan to further evolve and improve their student credit card education programs. They should raise the bar for all credit card issuers on educating college students on responsible use of credit cards. More importantly, they should publicly acknowledge their ethical responsibility to provide customers with information necessary to make sound financial decisions. Michelle also needs to ensure external communication aligns with the internal translation in order to successfully execute publicly announced action plan. Internal stakeholders need to be assured that external message is honest and action-driven and not just a media ‘spin’ to protect company’s interests. An internal communication to employees and shareholders should clearly translate the external message into sustainable long-term profitability and well-being of the company. Considering the interests of all parties involved, the suggested approach is clearly the right one. By publicly acknowledging and recognizing an increased concern surrounding college students’ credit card debt, they will gain public’s sympathy and respect. By choosing to do something about it via a well defined action plan, they will gain public’s trust. By gaining public’s trust, they will gain a more loyal and increased customer base which will contribute to company’s long-term profitability. In addition, this approach will clearly communicate company’s values and traits of responsible corporate citizenship which will set an example for other companies in their industry, including their competitors. One might argue the organization should really re-evaluate the business they are in as it may not be morally responsible to extend credit cards to students. I would argue that the morality question certainly does come into play and should definitely be considered when deciding on tactics used to promote and market credit cards to students. However, the actual extension of credit to students, by its nature, is not unethical. In fact, when utilized properly, it serves students’ interests by allowing them to build credit history while teaching financial responsibility and spending within means. In conclusion, while credit lending geared towards college students is not considered unethical business to be in, marketing techniques utilized to promote such products and service may certainly cross ethical boundaries. How to cite Citizen Bank Case, Essay examples