Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Marketing Plan for the Body Shop Essay

Concealer is very popular and its market growth stable because of concealer is very useful to cover the imperfection on the skin. The Body Shop’s Tea Tree Concealer, which launched in 2009, is this marketing plan’s character. Tea Tree Concealer is a handy portable stick to conceal blemishes which without over drying the skin. It also produce with organic tea tree oil. Tea tree oil’s ingredient renowned for its anti-bacterial benefits and an infusion perfect to help blemished skin. Based on the SWOT analysis of Tea Tree Concealer, it mentions that Tea Tree Concealer needs to be more popular and needs to uses the gender segmentation that to enlarge the market with the men’s market because the demand of men’s cosmetics market is increasing especially of the concealer. Therefore, the marketing objectives are to enhance the promotion of Tea Tree Concealer that can increase 5-10% sales in short term; and in long term, The Body Shop can develop a Men’s Tea Tree Concealer to satisfy men’s satisfaction of concealer that the concealer can take care about men’s face skin. For the marketing strategies, for short term, the body shop can use promotion tools, such as advertising in Facebook, beauty magazines and promote next to the MTR escalator. Also, the body shop can give general customers 5-10% off discount for buying Tea Tree Concealer. And the VIP can get one more discount after the new product has got 5-10% discount. Moreover, The Body Shop can give out the sample for people like and share the post on The Body Shop’s Facebook page, after that show it to the staff, then they can get one  sample; and The Body Shop can have corporation with Mannings and Watsons. If people consume above $150, they can get a sample of The Body Shop. For long term, The Body Shop can use marketing mix (Product, Price, Place and Promotion), to increase the sales of Tea Tree Concealer and to open up the men’s concealer market, a men’s product that calls â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†. In product strategy, The Body Shop can put in money on Research & Development, to develop the â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†. In pricing strategy, Market-Penetration pricing is the company choice on setting price because the tea tree collection of The Body Shop is famous in Hong Kong but the tea tree concealer is not familiar with the men. In promotion strategy, The Body Shop can set up a special counter in shops, which is the company promotional product. Some salesperson will promote the new product as men may feel shy to buy make-up product so set up a counter is every shop help the company to find some target. Also, the company will give out some sample if people click ‘like’ in Facebook fans page and to have video promotional campaign, people who have tried to use our product can join this competition. The users have to make a video about the feedback from using new tea tree concealer; the top 10 participants who obtained highest ‘like’ on their video clips can win $1500 cash. For the marketing budget, Statement of Comprehensive Income that it is for the Promotion of Tea Tree Concealer & Men’s Tea Tree Concealer, it shows that it will have a profit in the end of the promotion of Tea Tree Concealer and also have a profit in develop a Men’s Tea Tree Concealer. ————————————————- Contents | Page| 1. Introduction | 4| 2. Current Marketing Situation Analysis * Background Information * Current Market Analysis * Competitor Analysis| 5 – 9| 3. SWOT Analysis| 10 – 11| 4. Marketing Objectives * Short Term * Long Term| 12| 5. Marketing Strategies * Short Term(Advertisement, Discount, Sample, Sponsorship) * Long Term(Marketing mix : Product, Price, Place and Promotion)| 13 – 15| 6. Marketing Tactics * Short Term * Long Term| 16 – 17| 7. Marketing Budget| 18 – 19| 8. Conclusion| 20| 9. Bibliography| 21| 10. Appendices| 22 – 28| ————————————————- Introduction â€Å"Do you want to be more beautiful?† Without doubt, ladies want to show the most beautiful face to others; therefore, they use lots of cosmetics, such as concealer, face primer, eye primer, lipgloss and eyebrow pencil. A lot of people strongly believed that concealer is the most useful cosmetics than others, because concealer is very useful to cover the imperfection on the skin. It is an important character which it can give people a better appearance. Thus, we decided to have a marketing plan for the concealer. Moreover, organic issue is very popular that it started in the past few years, for example, organic food and the products must produce with organic materials. So, we decided that the concealer must produce with organic materials. Finally, The Body Shop’s Tea Tree Concealer, which launched in 2009, has been the character in this marketing plan because Tea Tree Concealer is a concealer which it produces with organic tea tree oil. Tea tree oil’s ingredient renowned for its anti-bacterial benefits and an infusion perfect to help blemished skin The Body Shop uses the gender segmentation that the consumer market is mainly women. We can know from the lots of products collections are mainly decided for female, for instance, Vineyard Peach, Extra Virgin Minerals etc. Although cosmetics’ consumer market is mainly women, the demand of men’s cosmetics market is increasing especially of the concealer. This is because men need a better appearance that it is good for their work and interpersonal relationship. Therefore, The Body Shop needs to enlarge the market with the men’s market. Not only the women market is important, but also the men market. This marketing plan suggests some marketing strategies, which uses marketing mix (Product, Price, Place and Promotion), to increase the sales of Tea Tree Concealer and to open up the men’s concealer market, a men’s product that calls â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†. For increasing sales of Tea Tree Concealer, we can mainly use promotion tools, such as advertising; and promotion mix strategies, such as push strategy and pull strategy. For open up the men’s concealer market, we can use product strategy, price strategy, place strategy and promotion strategy, to promote the new product, â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†. The marketing plan for Tea Tree Concealer is presented as follow. ————————————————- Current Marketing Situation Analysis Background Information * L’Orà ©al – Company Overview The L’Orà ©al Group is the world’s largest cosmetics and beauty company. Over 500 brands and many thousands of individual products such as hair color, permanents, hair styling, body and skin care, cleansers, makeup and fragrances five worldwide research and development centers. There are two in France and one in the U.S, Japan and China. On 17 March 2006, L’Orà ©al purchased cosmetics company The Body Shop for  £652 million. Their slogan is â€Å"Because we’re worth it too† and the Head office is in the Centre Eugà ¨ne Schueller in Clichy, Hauts-de-Seine, near Paris. In 2003, L’Orà ©al announced its 19th consecutive year of double-digit growth. In 2007, L’Orà ©al was ranked 353 in the Fortune Global 500. The targeted markets of L’Orà ©al are mass, professional, luxury, and active cosmetics markets.They own interests in various activities such as fine chemicals, health, finance, design, advertising, insurance. * The Body Shop – Company Overview The Body Shop International plc, a part of the L’Orà ©al family, which specialized in producing beauty and cosmetics products. It is founded in the UK in 1976 by Dame Anita Roddick. There are more than 2,400 stores in 61 countries including Thailand, Australia and America. â€Å"The business of business should not just be about money, it should be about responsibility. It should be about public good, not private greed.’’ –said Dame Anita Roddick, founder of The Body Shop. The Body Shop creates a non-animal-testing and a fair trading company image. Every product is animal cruelty free and it is the first international cosmetics brand to be recognized under the Humane Cosmetics Standard for its Against Animal Testing policy. The Body Shop believes in fair trade, had set up own fair trade programme, called Community Trade. Community Trade works over 30 suppliers in more than 20 countries, providing over 25,000 people across the globe with essential income to build their futures. The Body Shop has five core values, which are Support Community Trade, Defend Human Rights, Against Animal Testing, Activate Self-Esteem and Protect Our Planet. Current Market Analysis * L’Orà ©al / The Body Shop In this section, we will divide into three parts related to market analyses. Frist, the market share of the L’Oreal in the world as The Body Shop is under this brand. Second, the market share of The Body Shop in the world and Hong Kong. Third, explain the target group and their needs of The Body Shop. First, the L’Oreal is a worldwide brand which its shops located in 130 countries. The largest market of the L’Oreal is Asia, Pacific, followed by Western Europe and Northern America, which means Asia has a very high potential to keep increasing. From the graph next to, Asia, Pacific share nearly one-third of the worldwide cosmetic market. Also, from the expectation of Euromonitor, the market share in Asia Pacific will be changed in 2013, the share of China will increase from 22% to 28 % Breakdown of the worldwide cosmetics market Breakdown of the worldwide cosmetics market Moreover, due to the improvement of the technology and increase in quality of life, more and more cosmetic products appear in the market, causing keen competition. In 2011, the L’Oreal is act as leading role in the world, which is 20% of sales more than the other. Second, The Body Shop promotes using organic material and adopting community fair trade, that’s suit the taste of people in the world which have a higher standard of environmental friendly. As the result, The Body Shop has become one of the top 20 cosmetic brands of the world in 2011. Furthermore, compare the sales in the past two years of The Body Shop, the sale increased from 2010 to 2011 in Western Europe and the New Market. The New Market refers to Asia, Pacific Area, for example, China and Middle East. Although we cannot judge that the market share has increased, we can compare the proportion of sales by geographic. The New Market increased 1.4% form 46.9% in 2010 to 48.3% in 2011. This means The New Market has become more important to The Body Shop. The Body Shop uses the gender segmentation that the consumer market is mainly women. We can know from the product collections of Vineyard Peach, Extra Virgin Minerals etc. These products are mainly decided for female, as skin  in different between female and male. Also, the Body Shop promotes using organic materials to make their products. Citizens improve their sense of environment, so the reasons for citizens to choose their cosmetic products not only force on the quality of the product but the level of environment friendly of the product. Furthermore, The Body Shop buys the raw materials under a fair trade system which they have fulfilled their social responsibility, the farmer can earn more compare to other products which do not adapt fair trade. Customers will consider this point as their decision criterion. Lastly, ‘there is only one way to beautiful, nature’s way.’ This slogan is very impressive for nowadays customers. It’s because there is a lot o f news or report point out that chemical has been put into cosmetic products. Also, as the quality of life increased, customers are willing to spend more money to buy nature products. * Concealer Market Concealer is very popular and its market growth stable because of concealer is very useful to cover the imperfection on the skin. It is an important character that it can give people a better appearance. This product is mainly used by women, but use among men is increasing. The concealer is a type of makeup used to cover under-eye circles, pimples and other small blemishes visible on the skin.The concealer also can cover redness and even body flaws such as birthmarks, scars and vitiligo. The market of concealer has intense competition, for instance, The Body Shop(Product name: Tea Tree Concealer), Bobbi Brown(Product name: Creamy Concealer), Cle de Peau Beaute(Product Name: Concealer), Beauty Tech(Product Name: Ice-cream Concealer ), MAC(Product Name: Select Cover Up), Shu Uemura(Product Name: Point Cealer) etc. Also, some of the concealer is especially for a part of skin: for example, whole face, under-eye circles, pimples. * Product Review – Tea Tree Concealer (The Body Shop) We are focus on The Body Shop’s Tea Tree Concealer, which launched in 2009. Tea Tree Concealer is a handy portable stick to conceal blemishes which without over drying the skin. It also produce with organic tea tree oil. Tea tree oil’s ingredient renowned for its anti-bacterial benefits and an infusion perfect to help blemished skin. Also, it traditionally used to promote healthy-looking skin and has fantastic skin moisturising properties. It costs HK$139 / 4.5g (2012’s price). Competitor Analysis * Jurlique Jurlique has spent 25 years to explore the organic and biodynamic ingredients and our unique Bio inherent â„ ¢ process to create the purest, most powerful skin care. From biodynamic farms in South Australia, the leading natural innovation, we have to unlock the potential of the combination of nature and science to create an effective product is beautiful. Just means you healthy, beautiful skin. The Jurlique farm: Their factory on the farm lived a pampered life. Jurlique’s founders searched the world’s richest, most clean on Earth, to build our farm. They found that, in Adelaide (Adelaide Hills). Today, this pristine environment is a wide variety of plants, herbs and flowers, and provides the natural forces Jurlique high performance mixed. As the only Australian beauty brand, our own certified biodynamic farm (NASAA, the National Association of Sustainable Agriculture, Australia certification), we can prove the purity of our harvest. We follow strict organic and biodynamic farming principles, in order to achieve our recognition. In order to maintain a perfect nature, we tend to pick the crop of hand-sorted. The nature of the work and do not oppose it, and we strive to create a richer soil, which means healthy plants, extract and more effective products. So this is a natural process, better farming more beautiful skin. Benefits: It is a natural skin tones covering cream, in order to help to reduce the appearance of defects. Also, it can help balance oily skin surface sebum moderate and can help protect environmental aggressors. Ingredients: The witch hazel extract objects and tea tree oil help to gently clean and moderate sebum in the skin surface. The marigolds and self-healing extract offers comfortable performance and help rebalance the sensitivity. Aloe extract and glycerin strongly hydrate, and helps to soften the skin. Grapefruit seed extract contains antioxidant properties and helps protect the skin against environmental damage. * Oriflame Oriflame was founded in Sweden in 1967 by Hanlin brothers, has become an international market in more than 60 countries around the world. Cosmetics direct selling company. Oriflame has a wide variety of innovative product lines, Sweden, natural beauty products â€Å"by 360 Million independent sales consultants are sold worldwide, and has created more than 1.5 billion euros a year in sales. It is natural beauty products from Sweden. Oriflame offers industry-leading career opportunities, and help people to earn income from the first day of added while moving. The goal of the current personal dreams and ambitions, this is our unique the career concept – â€Å"the creation of wealth today, tomorrow achievements Dream.† Respect for people and nature, become the basis of the company’s operating Philosophy, and is reflected in the company’s social and environmental policies. Oriflame co-founder of the World Children’s Fund, and contributions to numerous global philanthropy projects. Oriflame is a listed companies, the stock is listed on the NASDAQ OMX Nordic Exchange. ————————————————- SWOT Analysis We are focus on The Body Shop’s Tea Tree Concealer, which launched in 2009. We use the SWOT Analysis to analyse Tea Tree Concealer’s Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Strengths The Body Shop International plc is a part of the L’Orà ©al Corporate group. L’Orà ©al Corporate has a lot of capital, it can support The Body Shop International plc’s finance and it can have some large scale promotional campaign without consider financial problem. Also, the L’Orà ©al Corporate is the largest cosmetics and beauty company in the world. It is famous, so, The Body Shop International plc can use the L’Orà ©al Corporate’s brand name to have some promotion and it will be more effectively. Furthermore, the Body Shop International plc has a positive reputation and image because of their non-animal-testing and fair trading company image. It can attract some customers, who support non-animal-testing and fair trading, to buy the products. For the Tea Tree Concealer part, one of its strengths is that it is a handy portable stick. This is because customers can easily bring it goes out and leave in somewhere easily. After use the Tea Tree Concealer, it will be without over drying the skin and it is good for our skin too. Moreover, the Tea Tree Concealer is made of organic tea tree oil, which is not only an infusion perfect to help blemished skin, but it can also attract customers, who support using organic raw material, to buy it. Weaknesses The Tea Tree Concealer only has one color tone, it is not suitable for every because different people have different skin color. It only has one color tone that it can satisfy a little part of customers but not lots of customers. Without doubt, everyone has different skin, such as dry skin, oily skin, combination skin, normal skin and sensitive skin. The Tea Tree Concealer only has one type and it also cannot satisfy lots of people, only a little part of customers can use it. Also, as we all know, The Body Shop International plc is founded in the UK in 1976 by Dame Anita Roddick. It is a western company and their products might be more suitable for foreign people. Therefore, the Tea Tree Concealer may not be suitable for Asian. It cannot satisfy more people. Opportunities First of all, many existing cosmetics and skin-care products were tested on animals before they promote to the market in order to make sure the usage of them will not harm human bodies. However, The Body Shop against animals testing, every one of the products is animal cruelty free and vegetarian, which means we do not destroy the habitat of the animals and us. As a result, this is an opportunity of us to promote our product with this special characteristic. The second one is that the product have not taken care the men’s market. The skins of men and women are not the same, so do the needs of them. If we still only focus on the women’s market, our sales would only stay in the same level, so we should not only focus on the women’s needs but also the men’s to enlarge the market. As a result, this becomes one of the opportunities for the company to expand the men’s market and to increase sales volume. Third, the Body Shop is supporting Community Fair Trade, for example in Kenya. Most of the products contain Community Trade ingredients. This can attract customers who are also supporting Community Fair Trade. The body shop is also defending human rights, in order to treat all people in a fair and open fashion, to respect and value their integrity. Last, we are seeking and sustaining natural materials, and using planet’s resources wisely. These are the ways how we approach our environmental target, protect our planet. Threats The competition from competitors such as Jurlique’s natural skin tones covering cream who are also at the same level is keen. They are also providing same type of products and which are inexpensive to attract our same target groups. As a result, we have to consider about what are our vantages and extent them to get more awareness. Furthermore, the brand image of The Body Shop has become old, and is it not that attractive to the new young customers. So there is a need for The Body Shop to rebuild the image into fashion and vitality. ————————————————- Marketing Objectives Our marketing objective has two parts, one is short term and other one is long term. We will explain as follow. Short Term Based on the SWOT analysis of Tea Tree Concealer, it mentions that Tea Tree Concealer needs to be more popular. Therefore, the marketing objective is to enhance the promotion of Tea Tree Concealer that can increase 5-10% sales in short term. It means that we will increase 5-10% sales of Tea Tree Concealer in 5 months. Long Term As for the long term objectives of The Body Shop, it mainly has two steps want to achieve. 1. Develop a new tea tree concealer for men From different researches in the market, we know that the make-up market for men is now expanding; more men are more focus on their appearance for different perspectives. Therefore, The Body Shop should invent a new tea tree concealer for men only, which can focus on the needs of men, such as promotes healing of acne, keeps your skin elastic and improves appearance of wrinkles and fine lines. As a result, the company would like our research and development department can invent a men concealer within nine months’ time. 2. Sale 10000 concealer within six months The company aims at maximizing the profit of the company. If The Body Shop promotes the new product, â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†, its focus on the needs of men, so The Body Shop can increase its profit as it promotes a new men product. The company will have a questionnaire in the future so that we can know more about our market, for example, setting our target group, the price that people can accept, which promotion strategies is the best for our market. As a result, we would like to sell 10,000 pieces of concealer within six months’ time, which is a measurable objective. ————————————————- Marketing Strategies Short term To mention the short term objective of the Body Shop, we mainly want to attract some new customers by the new products. On the other hand, we also need to make the original customers continues to consume on our brand. And thus, we have discussed four mainly short term strategy to achieve our aim. 1. Advertisement The Body Shop can have three major ways to show our advertisement. The first one is Facebook. Nowadays, Facebook is a popular website to let people share their feelings and photos. And Facebook in Hong Kong is also necessary to people. Thus, do promotion on Facebook is an effective way to make more people know our new products. The second one is magazines. Magazines major target is office workers and the teenagers, and this target group is same as our products. Therefore, promotion on the magazines one big page can easy to let our targets know our new products. And the third one is promote next to the MTR escalator. MTR has many streams of people every day. And it is free when the people are standing on the escalator. So, display on the escalator advertisement board is also easy to let people know our promotion. 2. Discount For the general customers, The Body Shop can give them 5-10% off discount. And the VIP can get one more discount after the new product has got 5-10% discount. It will be effective that the cheaper price can make the people try it and also it can conveniently to attract more people being The Body Shop VIP. 3. Sample The Body Shop can give out the sample more effectiveness. If we just commonly give out the sample on the street will wreck the value of product. And thus, we have planned to ask people like and share the post on Facebook, after that show it to the staff, then they can get one sample. This method can let people try our new product and also indirectly help our brand having a promotion simultaneously. 4. Sponsorship We try to have corporation with Mannings and Watsons. If people consume above $150, they can get a sample of Body Shop. Sponsorship can provides a great means of broadening our competitive edge by improving our company’s image prestige and credibility by supporting events that your target market finds attractive. Long term For the long term plan for the Body Shop, the company purposes one and half year plan, which help the Body Shop to achieve the goals on developing a new tea tree concealer for men and increase the sale for product. The company will divide the plan into 4Ps. Product: As we all know, the make-up market for men is now expending so the Body Shop should grab this golden opportunity to develop a new tea tree concealer for men only. The skin is different between men and women, the company should focus on the needs of the men’s skin purpose. The company target group is based on beneficial segmentation because our product is only for men who have acnes on their faces. Although we all know that the cost for Research & Development is very high, the company think that people will also come and buy our product. Recently the company has done a survey on the Body Shop and its products. The interviewees thought the Body Shop is popularization, people are able to afford the price range. Therefore, we think put in money on R & D, later on, the Body Shop not only can earn the profit, also earn the advertisement benefit as they not only care about women but also men. Price: Market-Penetration pricing is the company choice on setting price. The tea tree collection of the Body Shop is famous in Hong Kong but the tea tree concealer is not familiar with the men. Therefore, we decide that when the product first enters to the market, the company will set a relatively low price so that it can attract more customers and get feedback from the public. People will consider buying our product because of low price, after they have used, they can re-buy the company’s product. Moreover, in market there is just a little amount of concealer that is only men, our product must keep a competition with other products because if the price set very low from the average, other competitors will also set a very low price, this cannot help the company to maximize the profit, it will greater the loss. If we set a high price, people are not willing to buy the company product as there are other concealers available in the market. The company set a price on $159 per new tree concealer for men which is a reasonable price. Place: In order to let more people to know more about the new tea tree concealer for men, the company will set up a special counter in shops, which is the company promotional product. Some salesperson will promote the new product as men may feel shy to buy make-up product so set up a counter is every shop help the company to find some target. Promotion: First, the company will give out some sample if people click ‘like’ in Facebook fans page, with the advance of technology and the common of using smart phone, people are more easy to obtain different information online, so Facebook is an efficient channel to promote the new tea tree concealer. The  company will maximum given out 10000 sample tea tree concealer. Second, the company decides to have video promotional campaign, people who have tried to use our product can join this competition. The users have to make a video about the feedback from using new tea tree concealer; the top 10 participants who obtained highest ‘like’ on their video clips can win $1500 cash. In this way, we enjoy a promotional advantage as participants will share their video clip for one another so that more people will know about our product. Also, the participants can show a positive experience for the public, the public can see the positive sides of using the new tea tree concealer. ————————————————- Marketing Tactics The short term and long term’s action plan is presented as follow. It shows the different strategies use in different time. Short term Magazine Promotion Facebook Promotion Sample Sponsorship MTR Advertisement Discount 1st month 2nd month 3rd month 4th month 5th month Magazine Promotion Facebook Promotion Sample Sponsorship MTR Advertisement Discount 1st month 2nd month 3rd month 4th month 5th month Long term Research and Development of New Product Review Video Promotional Campaign Facebook Promotion Sample 1st 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th Months Research and Development of New Product Review Video Promotional Campaign Facebook Promotion Sample 1st 9th 10th 11th 12th 13th 14th 15th 16th 17th 18th Months ————————————————- Marketing Budget | THE BODY SHOP| | | Statement of Comprehensive Income| | | (for the Promotion of Tea Tree Concealer & Men’s Tea Tree Concealer )| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Short Term (5 months)*| | Long Term (18 months)*| | | | | | Note| | HK$| | HK$| | | Sales| | | 1| | 4,170,000| | 1,590,000| | | Less: Cost of Goods sold| 2| | 1,876,500| | 715,500| | | Gross Profit| | | | 2,293,500| | 874,500| | | | | | | | | | | | | Expenses| | | | | | | | | | Advertising Expenses| | 3| | (520,000)| | -| | | Samples Expenses| | 4| | (646,350)| | (238,500)| | | Research and Development Expenses| 5| | -| | (400,000)| | | Promotional Booth| | 6| | -| | (29,500)| | | Video Promotional Campaign| 7| | -| | (15,000)| | | | | | | | (1,166,350)| | (683,000)| | | | | | | | | | | | | Net Profit| | | | | 1,127,150| | 191,500| | | | | | | | | | | | Statement of Comprehensive Income *Before having promotion, the sales is HK$ 3,750,000 in 5 months. **Long term’s sales period is 6 months. Note: 1. Sales: * Short term: HK$ 139 x 30,000 = HK$ 4,170,000 Sold 200 pieces of concealers a day; sold 30,000 pieces of concealers in 5 months. * Long term: HK$ 159 x 10,000 = HK$ 1,590,000 Sold 10,000 pieces of concealers in a half year. 2. Cost of Goods sold: According to Prudence concept, the cost of concealer is 45% of the price. * Short term: HK$ 4,170,000 x 45% = HK$ 1,876,500 * Long term: HK$ 1,590,000 x 45% = HK$ 715,500 3. Advertising Expenses: HK$ 1 x 500,000 + HK$ 20,000 = HK$ 520,000 $1 /page in magazine; 50 magazines; MTR Advertising Expenses HK$ 20,000/month. 4. Samples Expenses: The sample size will be the 1/3 of the original size, the cost of the sample also be the 1/3 of the original cost. * Short term: HK$ 20.85 x 31,000 = HK$ 646,350 Each sample costs HK$ 20.85 (HK$ 139 x 45% x 1/3); 31,000 pieces of sample. * Long term: HK$ 23.85 x 10,000 = HK$ 238,500 Each sample costs HK$ 23.85 (HK$ 159 x 45% x 1/3); 10,000 pieces of sample. 5. Research and Development Expenses: These expenses include research information’s cost and develop the Men’s Tea Tree Concealer’s cost. Around cost HK$ 400,000. 6. Promotional Booth: HK$ 500 x 59 = HK$ 29,500 Each store has a promotional Booth; It costs around HK$ 500 for each. The Body Shop has 49 stores in Hong Kong. And it has 10 booths as spare. 7. Video Promotional Campaign: HK$ 1,500 x 10 = HK$ 15,000 Each winner has $1500 cash. There are 10 winners in total. ————————————————- ————————————————- Conclusion In conclusion, based on the SWOT analysis of Tea Tree Concealer, it mentions that Tea Tree Concealer needs to be more popular and needs to uses the gender segmentation that to enlarge the market with the men’s market because the demand of men’s cosmetics market is increasing especially of the concealer. Therefore, the marketing objectives are to enhance the promotion of Tea Tree Concealer that can increase 5-10% sales in short term; and in long term, The Body Shop can develop a Men’s Tea Tree Concealer to satisfy  men’s satisfaction of concealer that the concealer can take care about men’s face skin. For the marketing strategies, for short term, the body shop can use promotion tools, such as advertising in Facebook, beauty magazines and promote next to the MTR escalator. Also, the body shop can give general customers 5-10% off discount for buying Tea Tree Concealer. And the VIP can get one more discount after the new product has got 5-10% discount. Moreover, The Body Shop can give out the sample for people like and share the post on The Body Shop’s Facebook page, after that show it to the staff, then they can get one sample; and The Body Shop can have corporation with Mannings and Watsons. If people consume above $150, they can get a sample of The Body Shop. For long term, The Body Shop can uses marketing mix (Product, Price, Place and Promotion), to increase the sales of Tea Tree Concealer and to open up the men’s concealer market, a men’s product that calls â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†. In product strategy, The Body Shop can put in money on Research & Development, to develop the â€Å"Men’s Tea Tree Concealer†. In pricing strategy, Market-Penetration pricing is the company choice on setting price because the tea tree collection of The Body Shop is famous in Hong Kong but the tea tree concealer is not familiar with the men. In promotion strategy, The Body Shop can set up a special counter in shops, which is the company promotional product. Some salesperson will promote the new product as men may feel shy to buy make-up product so set up a counter is every shop help the company to find some target. Also, the company will give out some sample if people click ‘like’ in Facebook fans page and to have video promotional campaign, people who have tried to use our product can join this competition. The users have to make a video about the feedback from using new tea tree concealer; the top 10 participants who obtained highest ‘like’ on their video clips can win $1500 cash. For the marketing budget, Statement of Comprehensive Income that it is for the Promotion of Tea Tree Concealer & Men’s Tea Tree Concealer, it shows that it will have a profit in the end of the promotion of Tea Tree Concealer and also have a profit in develop a Men’s Tea Tree Concealer. ————————————————- Bibliography * The Body Shop (seen on 20th September 2012) http://www.thebodyshop.com.hk/tc/index.aspx * The Body Shop – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (seen on 20th September 2012) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bodyshop * L’Orà ©al (seen on 20th September 2012) http://www.loreal.com/_en/_ww/index.aspx * L’Orà ©al – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (seen on 20th September 2012) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loreal_Kids * Oriflame (seen on 8th November 2012) http://gb.oriflame.com/ * Oriflame – Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (seen on 8th November 2012) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oriflame * Jurlique (seen on 8th November 2012) http://www.jurlique.com/ * Skin Care – Jurlique – Hong Kong (seen on 8th November 2012) http://www.jurlique.hk/catalog/main.php?cPath=1 ————————————————- ————————————————- Appendices 1. Sample of the Questionnaire Questionnaire on The Body Shop’s Tea Tree Concealer| Hello, we are students of the Hong Kong Institute of Vocational Education (Morrison Hill), we are conducting a project of Marketing, and is currently conducting a survey about The Body Shop Tea Tree Concealer. All of the information you provide in this questionnaire will not be used for commercial purposes, and destroyed at the end of the project-based learning. 1. What is your personal feeling or opinion towards â€Å"The Body Shop†? (1 is very bad while 5 is very good) Ã¥  £ 1 Ã¥  £ 2 Ã¥  £ 3 Ã¥  £ 4 Ã¥  £ 5 2. Which of the following vocabularies is/are to describe â€Å"The Body Shop†? (Can choose more than 1 answers) Ã¥  £ popularization Ã¥  £ with enterprise conscience Ã¥  £ expensive products Ã¥  £ good quality of products Ã¥  £ poor quality of products Ã¥  £ othersï ¼Å¡_______________ 3. Have you ever seen the tea tree concealer of The Body Shop? Ã¥  £ Yes ( go to question 4) Ã¥  £ No (go to question 5) 4. Have you ever bought this tea tree concealer before? Ã¥  £ Yes ( go to question 6) Ã¥  £ No (go to question 7) 5. As our product helps to protect from anti-bacterial and it is an infusion perfect to help blemished skin. Moreover, it promotes healthy-looking skin and has fantastic skin moisturizing properties. The size of the tea tree concealer is 4.5g which cost $139. After knowing the benefit out product, will you consider to buy it? Ã¥  £ Yes ( go to question 6) Ã¥  £ No (go to question 7) 6. Why will you choose to buy or consider our product? (Can choose more than 1 answers) (can choose more than 1 choice) Ã¥  £ Price consideration Ã¥  £ functions Ã¥  £ coupons Ã¥  £ influence by media Ã¥  £ functions of other brand’s products Ã¥  £ Others:_______________ 7. Why won’t you choose to buy or consider our product? (Can choose more than 1 answer) (can choose more than 1 choice) Ã¥  £ Price consideration Ã¥  £ functions Ã¥  £ Personal feeling Ã¥  £ I don’t do any make-up Ã¥  £ functions of other brand’s products Ã¥  £ Others:_______________ 8. What ways can attract you to buy our product? (Can choose more than 1 answer) (can choose more than 1 choice) Ã¥  £ Advertisement Ã¥  £ Discount / coupon Ã¥  £ Sample Ã¥  £ Gift / Present Ã¥  £ Others:_______________ 9. What is you gender? Ã¥  £ Female Ã¥  £ Male 10. What is your age group? Ã¥  £ 18 or below Ã¥  £ 19-25 Ã¥  £ 26-32 Ã¥  £ 33-39 Ã¥  £ 40 or above 11. What is you occupation? Ã¥  £ Banking / Finance Ã¥  £ Engineering Ã¥  £ Building / Construction Ã¥  £ Hotel / Tourism Ã¥  £ Education Ã¥  £ Retailing Ã¥  £ Beauty Care Ã¥  £ Others:_______________ ~ Thank You!! ~| The company has made an online questionnaire which is relate to this topic, as Cantonese is a common language in Hong Kong so the company decided to upload a Cantonese version to the public. The link is as follow: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/viewform?pli=1&formkey=dGNfd3ppOXNxc3JTVUVZMUdtdFVIS3c6MQ#gid=0 2. Result of the Survey 1. What is your personal feeling or opinion towards â€Å"The Body Shop†? (1 is very bad while 5 is very good) Before the company asks questions about the concealer, some background information about the brand name is needed. This question ask the interviewees to give marks on The Body Shop, the average marks is 3.83, nearly 70% of interviewees give more than the average marks so the Body Shop have a positive image in public. 2. Which of the following vocabularies is/are to describe â€Å"The Body Shop†? (Can choose more than 1 answers) As mentioned above, the Body Shop has a positive image so the company would like to know more about the opinions from the public. More than 80% of interviewees responded that the Body Shop is popular is Hong Kong, there are lots of shops in different parts. 32% and 52% of interviewees think the Body Shop run its business with enterprise conscience and the product quality is high respectively. However, 11% and 4% of interviewees have negative image on the Body Shop, they think the products are quite expensive and the quality is not really good. Therefore, we may consider the price while setting for the new tea tree concealer for men. 3. Have you ever seen the tea tree concealer of The Body Shop? The company should have some evaluation meeting on the promotion strategy on tea tree concealer as the nearly 60% of them have never seen the tea tree concealer before which cannot help the company to increase sales. Only 40% have ever seen the concealer before, this reflects the promotion is not strong enough. 4. Have you ever bought this tea tree concealer before? There are totally 59 interviewees responded that they have seen tea tree concealer before but only 40 of them which is nearly 70% have bought before, this seems to be a huge number. However, overall speaking, for all the interviewees, there are only 29% of them bought it. This is not a good situation because only few amounts of people have bought before. 5. As our product helps to protect from anti-bacterial and it is an infusion perfect to help blemished skin. Moreover, it promotes healthy-looking skin and has fantastic skin moisturizing properties. The size of the tea tree concealer is 4.5g which cost $139. After knowing the benefit out product, will you consider to buy it? For another 79 interviewees, 50 of them will consider to buy tea tree concealer, which is 63%. This means there is higher potential for our market to expand. It’s because the public don’t know about the advantages of the tea tree product. From this question, we know that our promotion is not strong enough so we have to improve in future. Also, people may consider about the benefit of the product which is an important element for customers to choose. 6. Why will you choose to buy or consider our product? (Can choose more than 1 answers) For this question, the number of interviewees have to answer is 90, this question aim to find the reason for customer to consider buying our product. 77of the interviewees think that the functions and benefits is very important, 74 of them think the price is reasonable to afford, this means people are consider about the quality and price. Moreover, affected by the other competitors and brands, people will choose to buy the tea tree concealer from the Body Shop. So when the company decides to develop the new tea tree concealer for men, some specific function should be added on in order to attract more people to buy. 7. Why won’t you choose to buy or consider our product? (Can choose more than 1 answer) For this question, the number of interviewees have to answer this question is 48. 25 of them responded they don’t make –up so this group of people is not the company target. 27 of them think the price is relatively high which is a disadvantage, also there have to face the competition from other brands, so people will affect by other company. 8. What ways can attract you to buy our product? (Can choose more than 1 answer) (can choose more than 1 choice) In order to set the company promotional strategy, this question ask about which ways can attract people to buy the tea tree concealer. 85% of them think discounts and coupons are very attractive for them to buy. Moreover, give out samples is also a good way to promote the tea tree concealer. 92 of the interviewees think that gift is quite attractive as they can try to us our product. If the feedback is good, they will re-buy the company’s product. 9. What is you gender? For this questionnaire, there are 87 males and 51 females have answered our questionnaire. 10. What is your age group? Nearly half of the interviewees belong to age between 19 and 25 and 30% are belong to age between 26 and 32. 11. What is you occupation? 33% of the interviewees are students who don’t have enough buying power which may affect our result a little bit. Moreover, the remaining interviewees are

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Award

Has anyone ever thought about being on stage at the MAT or Red Carpet Awards giving an award next to a famous person you would die to see laughing and making jokes? I HAVE, and I believe I would probably pass out cold. But honestly for me, standing here right now is a little bit better than that. It gives me great pride to be here today, awarding what must be the finest, most wonderful exponents of cheerleaders In this country. They say fortune favors the brave and It Indeed takes a lot for these girls here to go out on the competition floor ND give It all they have to bring home the medal.There are a select few that have gave 1 10 % on and off the mat to promote there name In cheerleader. The All- American Cheerleader award Is not easy to receive yet always goes to the most loyal one to the sport. Some of the many ablest the winner of this award must present to the table are: Standing tuck, triple toe back, a layout, and the ability to load a stunt with a full up and base a flyer wi th 3 body positions. She must also present many team corporation and outstanding sportsmanship.The young lady who is receiving this award this evening not only achieved all these skills but she went above and beyond with greater skills. She has presented leadership skills through working at the children's facility here at Brenan, carrying out many office positions in many organizations, and holding herself up to high standards to be a role model. She has many young cheerleaders wanting to follow in her footsteps just because of the way she presents herself as a well-rounded person, and her many achievements up to this point.Within her office positions, cheerleaders, and her Job she is dedicated and hardworking. She always has her tasks completed early and never fails to exceed thought everything. She has also already accepted many awards for group competitions and individual events to keep pushing herself to be better. Many of the award include: Top sportsmanship, Number one in stat e competition (Receiving a state ring), and all around best stunt group. This young lady has never failed to show excitement and interest in everything she has done.Even though sometimes she may e ready to throw her hands up and walk away she always pushes to the end. TLS one performer stood out because of her sheer determination, talent and energy In the performance and life skills that follow. So without further ado, the winner of this competition is Skylark Hawkins. Award By Chelsea-Holland Ladies and Gentlemen, wonderful exponents of cheerleaders in this country. They say fortune favors the brave and it indeed takes a lot for these girls here to go out on the competition floor and give it all they have to bring home the medal.There are a select few that have gave 110 % on and off the mat to promote there name in cheering. The All- American Cheerleader award is not easy to receive yet always goes to the most loyal one to the sport. Some of the many abilities the winner of this aw ard must present has many young cheerleaders wanting to follow in her footsteps Just because of the be ready to throw her hands up and walk away she always pushes to the end.

Monday, July 29, 2019

Culturally compatible classroom and Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Culturally compatible classroom and - Assignment Example Instructional leaders can create culturally compatible classrooms by understanding how students’ motivation to learn is influenced by culture. If instructional leaders are able to know the role that culture plays in creating motivation, they can respect the various cultures of different students in the classroom. They can also incorporate the different cultures of different students in teaching and learning activities. By doing this, no cultures will be favored, and no cultures will be looked down upon. When students feel that their cultures are respected and incorporated in their teaching and learning activities, they will be more motivated to learn. Instructional leaders can also make it their duty to understand the cultural backgrounds of all students in the classroom. For example, in most title I schools in America, instructional leaders can focus on understanding the backgrounds of Asian American cultures, Mexican American cultures, American Indian cultures and African American cultures among others. By understanding the cultural background of each student in a classroom, instructional leaders can ensure that culture is used as the backdrop of learning and teaching. By doing this, students can be taught how to appreciate the cultures of other students, thus creating a classroom that is culturally compatible. Instructional leaders can also create culturally compatible classrooms by conducting teaching that is culturally relevant. This can also be supported by developing classrooms that are bilingual and focusing on creating culturally responsive classroom environments. The curriculum should also be made to be culturally respo nsive so as to ensure that classrooms are culturally compatible. Instructional leaders can finally ensure that instructional strategies are culturally responsive and

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Did DB Cooper Get Away With It Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Did DB Cooper Get Away With It - Research Paper Example This research will begin with the statement that on the day before Thanksgiving 1971, one of the most famous airplane hijackings in US history took place in the skies over the Pacific Northwest. In the over forty years since, the â€Å"DB Cooper† case has continued to rivet the nation’s, if not the world’s, attention. Since no corpse was ever found, the question remains. Wednesday, November 24, 1971, a man calling himself Dan Cooper bought an airline ticket from Portland, Oregon, to Seattle, Washington and soon boarded Northwest Orient Flight 305. The man was generally described by witnesses as a normal looking fellow, possibly early forties, and wearing a black raincoat over a dark business suit. The aircraft was a Boeing 727 and the flight was a normally uneventful half-hour trip. According to retired FBI agent Ralph Himmelsbach, the lead investigator on the case, in his book Norjak: The Investigation of D.B. Cooper, shortly after takeoff, just before 3:00 PM, Cooper passed a note to the flight attendant, stating he had a bomb and the plane was being hijacked. Although frightened, she asked to see his bomb and he showed her his briefcase which was full of some odd red cylinders with a cylindrical battery that she assumed might have been sticks of dynamite. The stewardess then told their conversation and showed the note to the cabin crew, who dutifully relayed the information to Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) officials in Seattle.

To Compare Jacques-Louis David's Death of Marat with Caravaggio's Essay

To Compare Jacques-Louis David's Death of Marat with Caravaggio's Entombment - Essay Example However, they differ in their implications and the audiences they intended to address during their time. For illustration, Caravaggio's Entombment audience encompassed Christians whereby it intended to instill the essence of Christ’s death (Wright 20). Jacques-Louis David's Death of Marat served as homage to the French revolutionary (Bietoletti 70). Death of Marat, Entombment both emanated from neoclassical and baroque periods respectively in spite of sharing similar implications regarding fallen heroes (Bietoletti 8). This study seeks to expound how the two works compare by utilizing similar stylistic elements to convey their respective message to the audiences. Stylistic analysis Figure 1: The Death of Marat - Jacques-Louis David. Accessed on 19Th 19Th December 2012 from Figure 2: Entombment of Christ – Caravaggio. Accessed on 19Th December 2012 from The significance of these two images lies with common utilization of stylistic techniques to relay their messages to t he audiences. This is regardless of the artists emanating or representing diverse artwork periods. Essentially, this is evident from how they use space in both Jacques-Louis David's Death of Marat and Caravaggio's Entombment images, which is more of baroque style (Greene 402). The artists in depicting their artworks tend to diminish the space amid the audience and the images, whereby one can feel them with hands. For instance, the Caravaggio's portrait exemplifies the tomb where the Christ is about to lie far much close to the viewer, which is apparent from the light illuminating one of its four corners. This is also similar with the man’s foreshortened elbow that seems to protrude in the viewer’s space from its intended realm. Similarly, David utilizes the same techniques mainly exhibited by both the man’s head and the desk’s contents, though in comparison the latter seems closer to the viewer than the rest. The artists have also utilized light and dark shades in their images, though in this context their implications are diverse. Caravaggio’s intention encompassed to move the audience’s focus to the core activity, which the figures were doing. Consequently, this was his intention of darkening the background by illuminating only the figures and tomb, though it seems so dramatic compared to the real illumination. Since, Caravaggio’s tenebroso does not allow slow movement of light to the targeted figures and spreading to the surroundings, but abruptly results to a sharp focus to the intended direction. Probably, this is to deny insignificant areas (background) adequate illumination, which common with Catholicism images meant for meditation or commemoration. Jacques-Louis David has also adopted the same technique though his intention entailed to soften the scene’s horror. This is by utilizing warm yellow light that would give the image a fairer outlook contrary to its reality (Marat had a skin diseases) (Gr eene 402). Dark shade in this image is similar to Caravaggio’s, which evades eliminating the background coupled with shift the audience’s focus to the main figure. Besides, the dark shade in this image softens murder’s merciless stubbing and the knife that is lying on the floor, though

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Perceived Stress for Middle School Principals Essay - 1

Perceived Stress for Middle School Principals - Essay Example The climax of these sanctions is evident when considering the repercussions it places on school administrators. Such is the case that it provides parents with alternative schools away from those which fail to meet AYP. Here, parents are given permission to transfer their children to a school of their choice within the district that meets the requirements. The next set of AYP sanctions falls under the title corrective actions. The first section of correction action employs the same approach as that implemented in school improvement except for the major modifications realized in the areas of curriculum, leadership, or other strategies. In this premise, a principle leading a school that has consistently failed to meet the AYP for four years on account of low subgroup scores is at risk of losing his/her job even when the school is still better in all other tested areas. Under such kind of laws, that are well written, thousands of low performing schools could in theory lose their principles following the subgroup rule. Corrective 4 actions II addresses schools that fail to meet AYP in a consecutive five to six years. The remedy for such schools is total reconstruction of staff, privatization, charting and other related government changes (Decker, 2008). Schools that meet the AYP target for two successive years are exited from this cycle. As a measure to boost openness in the AYP and NCLB for two successive years, the federal lawmakers have authorized that respective states maintain their accountability to the public by publishing their school report cards. The report cards maintain information drawn from all schools in a particular district and incorporate information on proficiency/ AYP rates, teachers professional qualification , data by sub group, and establishes schools in dare need of improvement(McKinney, 2008). The NO Child Left Behind Act and its actual provision were passed to become a law

Friday, July 26, 2019

Computing Dissertation Written Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Computing Dissertation Written Report - Essay Example The area of e-learning has had development on the internet but it is an area that most people are not using for entertainment value. This is an important issue to think about when creating an e-learning website. People would not visit a site for fun; they will however visit for a specific purpose and choose not to use it again. To resolve this issue, visitors registering with the website should be welcomed and instantly facilitated to see the various communities in action. They may then choose to subscribe in one of them. Since learners are now engaged with computers, they lack a natural social outlet which can lead to feelings of isolation.   Because isolation is a major contributor to attrition (Morgan & Tam, 1999), one potential strategy for reducing users leaving the site is to encouraging users to support each other and a sense of belonging to a community.   The task of this paper is to structure the website so learners have mechanisms to connect with each other and form communities. Selznik (1996) identifies seven elements of community: history, identity, mutuality, plurality, autonomy, participation, and integration. With respect to virtual learning communities, Schwier (in press) adds: an orientation to the future, technology, and learning. Some of these characteristics of community will be present from the beginning. Others, the cohort will have to grow into. There is an importance to detail these 10 characteristics, and discuss how they can be used for purposes of this website. Selznik notes that communities are stronger when their members share history and culture, rather than simply abstract general interests. They build an identity and sense of belongingness. Schwier’s suggested strategies for fostering identity include team-building exercises, developing community logos, and public acknowledgement of individual and group accomplishments within the community. He also noted the importance of articulating the

Thursday, July 25, 2019

African-American history Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

African-American history - Essay Example Many differences exist between finding a political solution as compared to finding a social solution to the vexed problem of color.Racism is a sensitive issue about the color of the skin as it is popularly believed.It,in reality,is also the issue of the heart. Emotions are like the recurring storms and every storm leaves behind it, devastation in different degrees. Is it possible to find an authentic solution, viewed from all angles, to the problem of racism in America? The pages of American history daubed in bloodshed in the name of ethnicity and color asks the crying question. Can this continent be converted into a haven on this Planet Earth? The answer is simple and straightforward .To achieve that objective, the necessary prerequisites are, eyes full of understanding, hearts full of love and the life that refuses conflicts—enough, these alone can contribute to the permanent solution to the problem. Some aspects of historical injustice against the black community by the Ame rican whites are impossible to forget and forgive. Being intensely aware of the undeniable resentment of the blacks, W.E.B. Du Bois (2005, p.7) writes, â€Å"With the other black boys the strife was not fiercely sunny; their youth shrunk into tasteless sycophancy, or into silent hatred of the pale world about them and mocking distrust of everything white; or wasted itself in a bitter cry, why did God make me an outcast and a stranger in mine own house?† ... It deals with the rise of the black middle class with the spread of education amongst them. Du Bois explains how the blacks find it difficult to get assimilated in the mainstream of American society and live a confident life, though constitutionally they are equal to the white race on all counts. The barrier that separates the two races is several centuries old and is made up of several complicated layers. A black individual has to live the life of a split personality and Du Bois (p.7)writes, â€Å"One ever feels his twoness—an American, a Negro; two souls, two thoughts, two un-reconciled strivings; two warring ideals in one dark body, whose dogged strength alone keeps it from being torn asunder.† Du Bois has vividly explains what a tough task it is for the black race to live with double consciousness. Is this expression the other name for inferiority complex? Perhaps double consciousness would be a better expression than the inferiority complex. It is not possible for the enlightened world that swears by democracy, equality and dignity of the individual to accept the African†¦.4 racial divide. If the divide philosophy is accepted, a dangerous trend is set before the world. The world already has many dividing factors to contend with like the political philosophies of communism vs. capitalism and religious conflicts. This book is the cornerstone of the literature relating to sociology. The spiritual aspects are evident throughout the contents of the book as Du Bois investigates the inner world of the entire humanity, the souls of men and women. His work, therefore, retains the permanent place in the history of black relations, not only in America, but also the entire world, wherever this problem exists. Mending

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Ebola Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Ebola - Essay Example The four species that cause infections in humans include Zaire ebolavirus, Sudan ebolavirus, Tai Forest ebolavirus and Bundibugyo ebolavirus (CDC, n.d). On the other hand, Reston ebolavirus is known to bring about infections among nonhuman primates. Most of the virus species highlighted above are believed to exist in large numbers across several African states, a fact that has been corroborated by the high incidence of the disease in most West African countries. It is imperative to note that the virus was first discovered in 1976, near the Ebola River in the present day Democratic Republic of Congo. According to the CDC, virologists have not yet precisely identified the natural reservoir host of Ebola virus, nonetheless, evidence has overtime pointed towards the fact that the virus is animal borne, with bats being suggested as the most likely reservoir. Ebola is generally characterized by fever, severe headache, muscle pain, paleness and lethargy. Similarly, those infected by the virus suffer from unexplained bleeding, abdominal discomfort, nausea and diarrhea. According to the CDC, the symptoms highlighted always appear between two to twenty one days after exposure to the virus, with most of the affected patients likely to show signs of the disease after eight to ten days. Given that researchers have not been able to identify major reservoir host of Ebola virus, virologists have customarily found it challenging to pinpoint the start of Ebola outbreak. Nonetheless, it is believed that the patient zero normally gets into contact with an infected animal such as a bat and a primate or an infected fruit in an incidence termed as a spillover event. Patient to patient transmission normally follows once the virus has infected the patient zero and an outbreak can occur in case the situation is not controlled early enough (CDC, n.d). It is imperative to note that Ebola outbreaks are normally worse in some regions such as Africa when the virus affects primates, for

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Issue Brief Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Issue Brief - Research Paper Example City of Austin Total area population in 1840 was 553 while in 2014 it is 865,504 as revealed by US bureau and the city of Austin, this is paramount to 156410.67%. It is such facts that make the city of Austin to be one of the fastest and developing city. It is not a common phenomenon for any major city in the United State to experience a decline in African-American population. The fact that there is an up serge in the population growth of Austin, Texas from time it was incepted, the declining rate of African-American is perplexing. Could it be an issue of racial segregation in zones such as education or employment? US data on population found that there is a major decline in American-American population in the city of Austin, Texas as compared to other major fast growing cities in the United States. Outmigration of African-American residents in some cities was also experienced but such cities didn’t have the same general population growth rate as compared to Austin1. The findings are more troubling in Austin, Texas than other cities due to the fact that they emerge statistically outlier as compared to other cities. Between the year 2000 and 2010, Austin was ranked as the third fastest growing city in the United State of America. The declaration was a result of the population growing by double digits, precisely 20.4%. It can also be described as a major city due to the fact that it has a population of more than 500,000. It was also reported by US census Data that African-American was the only racial group that declined in the period 2000-2010. Other major racial groups saw a positive population growth rate; the White increased by 10.9%, Hispanic increased by 38.5%, Asian increased by 60.8% while African-American decreased by -5.8%. This indicated that Austin was the major city that experienced a double-digit population growth rate (20.4%), yet it experienced a decline in American-American

Monday, July 22, 2019

A Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free

A Christmas Carol Essay His room has undergone a transformation which is symbolic of Scrooges attitude changing dramatically towards goodness. Dickens uses colour to explore the detail in the room. The walls and ceiling were so hung with living green, that it looked a perfect grove; from every part of which, bright gleaming berries glistened. The crisp leaves of holly, mistletoe and ivy reflected back the light. This also resembles the goodness of Christmas as Christmas items are commented upon. On the floor then appears a kind of throne, there were turkeys, geese, game, poultry, brawn, great joints of meat. This represents richness and also creates setting. The description of the ghost reinforces the goodness of his character: free as its genial face, its sparkling eye, its open hand, its cheery voice. This is what Scrooge should become. As Scrooge speaks to the spirit he realises how he is changing his attitude towards goodness. I learnt a lesson which is working now. To-night, if you have aught to teach me, let me profit by it. Dickens uses the senses to make the description rich which is in contrast to the poverty we next visit. that peoples mouths might water gratis as they passed; there were piles of filberts, mossy and brown, re-calling, in their fragrance. innumerable people, carrying their dinners to the bakers shop. The sight of the poor revellers appeared to interest the spirit very much. In this stave the weather is in direct contrast to the stave before. Dickens makes such rich contrast in the setting to address the theme of goodness and also to create the mood of what is to come. In this stave the weather has changed as it is an urban setting and murky and grim. The sky was gloomy, and the shortest streets were choked up with a dingy mist. Whereas in the stave before the weather was bright with clear skies and a rural setting. The darkness and the mist had vanished with it, for it was a clear, cold, wintry day with snow upon the ground. Dickens does not limit harshness to the urban setting. they stood upon a bleak and desert moor, where monstrous masses of rude stone were cast about. This resembles the background to the poverty Scrooge sees. Dickens also uses personification again to create character instead of setting. Fat chestnuts are like fat men and onions are like Spanish friars, providing a cheerful background to the bustle of Christmas. In Stave four we meet the last of the spirits, the spirit of the future. It is evident that Scrooges attitude towards goodness is changing as Scrooge waits for the spirit to show guidance to make him a better person. But as I know your purpose is to do me good, and as I hope to live to be another man from what I was, I am prepared to bear you company, and do it with a thankful heart. Will you not speak to me? The spirit then takes them both to a dark urban setting to explore Scrooges future. They scarcely seemed to enter the city; for the city rather seemed to spring up about them. We then hear Scrooges business associates talking. They are described as ugly and unpleasant characters which resemble what Scrooge was like. No, said a great fat man with the monstrous chin. As Scrooge hears the business men talk about his death he realises how no one cares about his death and becomes hurt. This pleasantry was received with a general laugh. Its likely to be a very cheap funeral. Scrooge demands to be taken to where someone cares. The spirit then takes them to the Crachits household where the family are unusually quiet as they grieve over the unexpected death of Tiny Tim, and not Scrooge. Quiet. Very quiet. The noisy little Crachits were still as statues in one corner. Ah, poor Tiny Tim! Scrooge feels guilty about his death and feels sympathetic. The spirit finally takes Scrooge to a dark graveyard and his gravestone which reinforces what Scrooge will become if he does not change. There he breaks down into complete grief and says how he has learnt his lesson and he is a changed man and how he knows how his responsibility to society has a great importance. I will honour Christmas in my heart, and try to keep it all the year. I will live in the Past, Present and Future. The spirits of all three shall strive within me. I will not shut out the lesson that they teach. This is similar to J. B. Priestleys An Inspector Calls as the theme that runs throughout the play is Responsibility to Society. Interestingly it also resembles the play in the way time is changed The final Stave contrasts sharply with the first Stave as both Character and Setting have dramatically changed. The setting in the first stave was cold and bleak but here there is No fog, no mist, clear, bright, jovial, stirring cold; cold piping for the blood to dance to; Golden sunlight; Heavenly sky. This is symbolic of Scrooges character as he has dramatically changed from the start when he was a tight and mean man. Throughout the novel Scrooge has changed his attitude and developed goodness. He has learnt a lesson from the three spirits, each changing him bit by bit. It is evident as in each Stave he slightly changes his attitude. This is also reflected in the setting as each Stave explores the theme of goodness.

The music video of Michael Jackson Essay Example for Free

The music video of Michael Jackson Essay The music video of Michael Jackson named Billie Jean maybe considered as one of the best solos written by the great artist. The song was part of the multi platinum selling 1982 album ‘Thriller’. It was produced and written by the artist himself and he believed that the song would be a hit from the beginning. He even quarreled with the producer about including it in the album. He put up a fight with his producer Quincy to keep it in the album. The song was included in the album ‘Thriller’ and became one of the well known ones in the group. The presentation mainly features Jackson being followed by another person who is conceivably a detective of some sort who tries to record some proof about the relationship of MJ with a girl. As usual the whole video is shrouded in an aura of the supernatural and the singer is exalted to another plane beyond that of mortals. This cannot be counted as anything extraordinary, as the technique is employed only to keep the attention of the viewer glued to the screen. The Analysis of Billie Jean The song itself is named after a girl. The girl, according to MJ, is a model of girls called groupies. Groupies, who hung around back stage doors, loved performing artists, and followed them around on their tours. Such girls often suffered setbacks and were prone to drug addiction and mental instability. The song starts with MJ praising the beauty of the girl, but the mood of the singer in the video is rather gloomy. There is a private detective following him, from what follows, maybe he is trying pick up some piece of evidence. The lyrics ooze out the sympathy of the singer to the girl and the video shows him slipping from the person following him. The first feel that you get when you watch the video is the sad mood of the song as well as the lyrics. It goes without mention that the solo is rather in empathy with the girl in the poem. It is seems as if Jackson was sad that he had broken somebody’s heart. But at the same time he is rough with the rough. He traps the person who tries to trap him, maybe a paparazzi of some sort. The video depicts Jackson endowed with the supernatural, as in many of his other videos. It starts in a shady part of the town, being changed by the presence of the singer. The setting suits the mood of the poem and indicates the gutters in which MJ’s imagined lover lives. His steps are marked by light and he exudes kindness in his actions and gestures. He is followed by the detective (or reporter) who tries to be inconspicuous. After this a newspaper that shows ‘Billy Jean Scandal’ written on it is shown falling from the hands of the detective, which puts us directly in the middle of the scandal that Jackson faced a short while before the video was made. The lighting up of the steps, the sudden alteration that happens to the man who is given a penny by Jackson, his disappearing act twice in the video, all give it an appearance of the majestic presence and prowess of the singer. It is a device used by the icon in many of his songs and this cannot be seen as something calculated to make him a mythical icon or something equivalent. MJ was the first among many who successfully utilized short videos to convey a strong background to the song and dance, thus keeping the audience spellbound. The video is made to suit the lyrics and it is the lyrics that clearly get the upper hand during the song. Without such powerful lyrics the song may not have become such a hit. The best reason for this assumption is that the lyrics could stand alone, but the video could not stand alone and a viewer would not be able to make heads or tails out of it. â€Å"But the kid is not my son†¦Ã¢â‚¬ is a very powerful phrase oft quoted within the lines in the poem. Then the newspaper headline ‘Billie Jean Scandal’ clarifies only with the â€Å"She says I am the one†¦.. †. At first it is a sign of negation, but later on the tone changes, that though he sounds to be sympathetic, he is also saying that he has done nothing wrong. It is as if the singer was laying out his innocence as well as his competence to deal with the traps before the audience. I feel that we should consider the fact that MJ was also a partner in the production apart from Quincy who produced the video. Jackson’s experience with the groupie an year back could have controlled the way he produced the video. If this was an outburst, he would have certainly left some clues within the video, even while negating it before the public. The clues would be there, for those who knew where to look for them. We find that the experience was personal and reflected in the video, under close scrutiny. The girl on bed whom Jackson is photographed with, by the detective is anonymous. We should read this together with â€Å"the kid is not my son†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . He never negates what the girl was to him. His approach to the girl is sad and thoughtful and not menacing. The video is also sympathetic with the girl, because he approaches her in the bed. ( It could also be that it was done to trap the detective, so that the he could be trapped by the police). MJ uses several techniques in the video to make it convey the mythical image of the hero. The steps he take is always lighting up. Even the pillar he leans on lights up. Once when the detective tries to catch him he just disappears. The lighting up technique is later used to show the invisible presence of MJ following the arrested detective. Another technique is the presence of the cat, which can be seen to change its size. All these things work together to capture the attention of the viewer. We should say that he succeeded in this technique. Another major success that was achieved by MJ was that he left many things unsaid and left it to the intelligent viewer to decide about it. It is true in the case of short films that often the director feels it painful to leave out scenes that were difficult to shoot. But MJ has been careful to present only the bare minimum that was needed to present the story, and left the rest to the viewer’s imagination. Another great technique is the start/stop dancing technique of MJ which gained popularity with his as well as his teams support. This is what makes the video exceptional. The technique is physically very complicated and gained popularity around the world with its use by MJ. The dance stills used in the video is superb and the all compliments are due to the editor who has done wonderful job of editing the whole video to perfection. This comparatively slow number catches all the attention of the audience. Its title was actually related to another video in the same album, ‘Wanna Be Startin’ Something’, rather than any connection with the star tennis player, Billie Jean King. First of all, the solo was introduced into the album which was named ‘Thriller’. As we hear the song, we find that the other songs are fast whereas this solo could not have withstood the heavy onslaught by other numbers. But, it was Jackson’s creative genius and a deep understanding of his audience that made him confident that audience could accept this slow number. He has said earlier that he knew the song would be a hit, because he felt exhilarated after writing the lyrics. His capability to keep his audience guessing along with his inimitable dancing style has made the video wonderful. I feel that the video was created with the effort enhancing the dream lover image of Michael Jackson. With the mighty stroke of an artist he establishes himself as the lover of dreams and the same time capable of outwitting his numerous enemies. He silently accepts the love of the girl, whom he agrees to be a groupie and proves to be too slippery to fall into a trap. He has appeared in another of his albums as lover cum vampire and I would even dare to say that he was a forerunner of Stephanie Meyer, who wrote the book ‘Twilight†. He has successfully established for himself, an image of the superhuman lover, that every teenager longs for in his/her unconscious. In this video, he has further enhanced it. This should be read side by side with the lyrics â€Å"People always told me be careful of what you do And dont go around breaking young girls hearts And mother always told me be careful of who you love And be careful of what you do cause the lie becomes the truth† Thus he indirectly speaks about his enticing personality and at the same time expiates himself of any connection with the girl in question. But then, he keeps himself open to relations. The versatile genius of MJ is very clearly brought to light and he is able to project himself as the youth icon, around the world. This video is a very good example for that. He also keeps everyone guessing and glued to the screen till the end of the video. Conclusion Michael Jackson was the undisputed king of pop music. The video was a landmark in the life of MJ. His ability to touch the hearts of his viewers was once again brought to light. The video earned him many awards and made him top many charts in America as well as Europe (Michael Jackson – Billie Jean (4:51)). Works cited: Michael Jackson – Billie Jean (4:51). July 29, 2010. 2010. http://www. last. fm/music/Michael+Jackson/_/Billie+Jean

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Link Lifetime based Border Node (LLBN) Protocol

Link Lifetime based Border Node (LLBN) Protocol Link Lifetime based Border Node (LLBN) Protocol for Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks Sanjay Batish, Manisha Chahal, Sanjeev Sofat, Amardeep Singh Abstract Vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) attracts rising attentions of researchers for safety related and other communication applications. These networks have many challenging characteristics such as high mobility, fast changing topology and limitation of bandwidth. Under these problems, we proposed LLBN (link lifetime based border node protocol). Keywords VANETs, Routing Protocol, Position based Routing, GPSR 1. Introduction Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is emerging as an immense technology in wireless network that enable communication among vehicles. This network consist of vehicles, computer controlled devices, road side infrastructures, radio transceivers and internet connection. It attracts significant researchers, industry and government towards road safety, traffic control management and entertainment applications. Due to limitation of bandwidth spectrum, United State Federal Communications Commission (FCC) allocated 75MHz of bandwidth spectrum in 5.9 GHz band. Vehicles can communicate at a data rate of 6-27 Mbps up to a range of 1000m. VANET is a part of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). Many of existing routing protocols for MANETs are not suitable for VANET. Position based (geographic or location based) routings protocols are most suitable for VANET environment due to extremely dynamic topology and repeatedly disconnected network. In these types of routing protocols, forwarding decision is based on location of destination and location of nodes one-hop neighbors called as position based greedy forwarding routing. Border node based protocols, for example Border-node based most forward with in radius (BMFR) follow greedy forwarding by considering concept of border node. Border node concept is used to reduce the hop count between sender node and destination node, that lead to conservation of bandwidth. Nodes lie on transmission range of a particular node are called as border node. This idea of border node suffer from link failure due to unrestricted road patterns and dynamic topology. In this paper, we proposed a link lifetime based border node protocol (LLBP) to perk up existing unicast location based routing protocols. If b-mfr results several border nodes projected at same point towards destination, then check for most stable path by considering link life span. 2. Related Work 2.1. Border Node Based Routing (BBR) Protocol M. Zhang and Richard S. Wolff have proposed BBR to minimize total no for nodes involved in routing process. Here, every node maintain three tables: Neighbor Table, Border Node Selection Table and the Forward Table. It works in two phase, first one is neighbor discovering like in all other position based protocols and next phase is border node selection process. 2.2. Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) protocol B. Karp and H.T. Kung have discovered GPSR position based protocol for vehicular network. In greedy mode each node forwards packets to next hop that is constantly nearer to destination, until the packet reaches its final destination. GPSR recovers from a local maximum using perimeter mode. It uses an algorithm of planer graph traversal to find a way out of the local maximum region. 2.3. Border-node based most forward with in radius (BMFR) Ram Shringar Raw, D K Lobiyal have proposed this protocol by making use of border node. One-hop neighbor selection method is same as other position based protocols but here border node consider as a next-hop node for forwarding packet from source to destination. Under border node selection process, select the one which is maximum projected towards the destination. In this protocol, problem of confliction( as shown in figure 1) between two or more border nodes may occur. Figure 1. Problem in BMFR 2.4. Movement-Based Routing Algorithm (MORA) F. Granelli and G. Boato have applied this algorithm on GPSR. It considers approach of movements of vehicles along with the position of vehicles. Firstly sender node flooded the network with route request message . Destination node send route reply message with a specific metric. After that sender transmit data according to method used in GPSR protocol. 2.5. Movement Prediction-Based Routing (MOPR) Protocol H. Menouar and F. Filali proposed MOPR protocol to improve the MORA. This protocol also consider speed of vehicle along with direction and position of vehicle. Vehicle, which is expected to go out the communication range in a short period time will not be selected as a next hop for data forwarding if some better node is available. 3. Link Lifetime based Border Node Routing To increase the performance of BMFR protocol, we have applied link lifetime on BMFR. As already discussed, BMFR decrease number of hop counts through which data packets travel, but a problem arises when more than two border node towards destination projected at same point. We believe that considering only the bandwidth is not enough in unicast routing. The vehicle movement and link failure should be taken into account. A border node which goes outside the radio transceiver range should not be selected as a next hop. We propose our LLBN concept applied to BMFR ( as shown in Figure 2,3). . Figure 2. Link life time calculation Figure 3. LLBN Protocol 4. Proposed Algorithm Case a: Send packet to most projected border node towards destination Notations NS: source node ND: destination node NRf: recent forwarding node Set: recent forwarding node neighbors SetS: set of selected node NextN: selected next node Rmax: maximum communication range LC: link constancy LLT[p, q]: link(p, q) life time 1. NCf = NS 2. if ( ND lies within Rmax(NRf) ) then send data to ND else go to step 3 3. Compute Euclidian distance of all nodes in Set from NRf 4. for all Ai ∈Set, i = 1 to n if (distance of Ai from NRf == Rmax) then SetS = SetS ∠ª Ai else interior nodes 5. Calculate projection(P) of Ai on line joining NS and ND 6. Choose next neighbor node (Nnext) having highest projection if (Nnext == 1) then // only one maximum // projected node send data to Nnext else if (Nnext ≠¥ 1) then // two or more maximum // projected nodes go to step 7 Case b: Confliction between two or more border nodes occurs (Xp0, Yp0): initial position of node p in X and Y coordinates (Xq0, Yq0): initial position of node q in X and Y coordinates Vp: speed of p vehicle Vq: speed of q vehicle t0: initial time t1: time after movement of nodes t = t1 t0 Din = initial link distance Dmov = link distance after movement Λ = constant routing route validity time D2mov = ( ( Xp0 + VXpt) (Xq0 + VXqt) )2 + ( ( Yp0 + VYpt) (Yq0 + VYqt) )2 D2mov = P t2 + Q t + R P = VXp VXq Q = R = Solve P t2 + Q t + R R2max = 0 LC[p, q] = LLT[p, q] / Λ find link having maximum LC[p,q] Conclusion References [1] Hamid Menouar, Massimiliano Lenardi and Fethi Filali Movement Prediction-based Routing (MOPR) Concept for Position-based Routing in Vehicular Networks, IEEE 66th Vehicular Technology Conference, Baltimore, MD, October 2007. [2] F. Granelli, G. Boato, and D. Kliazovich, MORA: a Movement-Based Routing Algorithm for Vehicle Ad Hoc Networks, IEEE Workshop AutoNet, San Francisco, U.S.A., December 2006. [3] Brad Karp and H. T. Kung, â€Å"GPSR: Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing for Wireless Networks,† ACM 6th annual international conference on Mobile computing and networking International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, Boston, MA, August 2000. [4] Mingliu Zhang and Richard S. Wolff Border Node Based Routing Protocol for VANETs in Sparse and Rural Areas, IEEE GLOCOMW, November 2007. [5] Ram Shringar Raw, D K Lobiyal B-MFR Routing Protocol for Vehicular Ad hoc Networks International Conference on Networking and Information Technology 2010.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Who or what is Edward Hyde? Essay -- English Literature

Who or what is Edward Hyde? Due to the Victorian background of this book we are led to believe Edward Hyde is a completely different character to Henry Jekyll but we soon start to find out that they are actually one person, but with just a slight physical and mental change. Some readers in Victorian times would have interpreted the story as a struggle between good and evil, with Jekyll being the 'hardworking, normal guy' and Hyde being the 'twisted, evil person'. This was emphasised by the Christian belief of humans having a divided soul. If your soul had been good, on judgement day you would be saved into heaven where as if it was bad you would be damned to hell. During 1859 Darwin was showing his ideas of humans descending from apes or simpler forms of life this confused and scared many Victorians, they were know longer unique they were part of one species among many. Stevenson's own experiences may also help us to tell who or what Edward Hyde is. Stevenson grew up in Edinburgh, which in itself had two faces. There was the up and coming 'new town' which was the re-generated modern part of town and the 'old city', which was covered with disease and poverty. Stevenson also lived a double life by day he would be studying in the 'new town', but by night he would go out to the 'old town' until late at night. This could be interpreted as the character Jekyll in the story actually being like Stevenson. Jekyll would work in his lab by day but at night he would go out to the towns of Soho. There are many connections between Jekyll and Hyde. On first appearance we learn that Hyde is a short, ugly and not like any other ordinary man, he also seems strong and unstoppable. People reacted to Hyde with a stro... ...feel any slight bit of emotion. Also 'audibly shattered' implies the shear force of Mr Hyde and even though he is able to hear the shattering of the bones inside the body it still doesn't make him stop, he continues with the beating just so he is able to get his 'kick' out of seeing someone in pain. Having understood the need for scientific experimentation, do we assume all experiments are necessary? In the case of Jekyll I think he needed to find out the unknown, so he could be satisfied by his evil side, which he had locked up for years. If the experiments had been more closely controlled in the beginning this could have been a better ending. I think that taking potions (drugs) to dabble with mans dual nature is never a recommended path. The best method of release is always the natural way, let the inner good and evil show itself when it is necessary.

How Personal, Organizational, and Cultural Values Affect Decision Making :: Gandhian Movement Socialization Society Essays

How Personal, Organizational, and Cultural Values Affect Decision Making Self-limiting Conflict: The Gandhian Style I have mentioned two basic categories of conflict regulation scholarship. In the preceding section we concerned ourselves with the first, specialists engaged in third-party intervention research and experimentation-intermediaries, negotiation, conciliation, communication control and modification. The second involves the study of ways of waging conflict that tend both to keep it within bounds and to limit its intensity or at least the possibility of violence-nonviolent social movements, nonviolent resistance on the part of individuals and groups, nonviolent alternative national defense strategies. Let us look at conflict processes that are self-regulating in nature, i.e., that have built-in devices to keep the conflict within acceptable bounds and to inhibit violent extremism and unbridled escalation. Socialization is an important determinant of the style and effectiveness of conflict regulation in any society. If Tolley (1973) is correct in placing the formative period for attitudinal and behavioral patterns concerning peace/war issues and conflict regulation styles at ages 4-12, then learning creative approaches to conflict regulation through family, school, mass media, and other primary learning environments is essential. There are a few sources dealing with this problem (Nesbitt, 1973; Abrams and Schmidt, 1972). There are societies and groups within societies that socialize their members in effective conflict regulation. Bourdieu (1962) describes Berber Kabyles of North Africa as a society held together by a process of balanced and strictly controlled conflict Self-Limiting Conflict in which members are socialized to avoid violence: Elise Boulding (1974) observes that there are certain types of family environments and child-rearing practices that tend to produce persons with nonviolent proclivities and creative response patterns to conflict. Ultimately the socialization process, political socialization in particular, is probably the most important conflict regulation device. We should soon learn some interesting things about the impact of a decade of involvement in an unpopular war on the attitudinal and behavioral patterns of America's youth. Etzioni's self-encapsulation concept is very useful here. It is a process in which certain conflicts are increasingly limited by their own nature and by the nature of the host system, so that the "range of expression of the conflict is curbed." Certain modes of conflict and weapons are excluded by mutual, sometimes tacit, consent, and the conflict becomes ritualized-the game is played by the rules, so to speak. Dahrendorf's analysis of the institutionalization of labor/management conflict over the past half century is an excellent illustration of self encapsulation.

Friday, July 19, 2019

The difference between Classical music and classical music? :: essays research papers

In this essay I am going to look at the differences between Classical music and classical music. There are many differences between the two, one is an era and the other is a type of music. Classical is an era, it is from about 1730 to just after 1800. There are 5 different periods in time (for music), Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic and Modern (20th Century). At this moment in time, we are still in the Modern period of time even though we are in the 21st, not 20th century. A few people who contributed to the music in the Classical era are: Ludwig van Beethoven, Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The period that came before the Classical period, the Baroque, was a time of ornamentation and cluttered sounds. The Classical period focused on the opposite types of sounds- music during that period was orderly, uncluttered, well planned and precise. Music was expected to be technically pleasing and grounded in certain traditions and styles that had been "approved" by the public, often quite formal. Composers were seen as workers who were hired to write music that would please their employer. Vienna, Austria was the center of musical activity during the Classical period. Composers traveled from near and far to study with music teachers in Vienna. Vienna was such a hot spot for musicians that a style was even named for much of the music composed during the time: the "Viennese Style." The size of the symphony orchestra was growing, allowing composers to create more complicated pieces calling for new instruments that made unique sounds unheard before this time. Opera remained very popular, as did symphonies (large works with several sections composed for entire orchestras to play), concertos and sonatas (pieces featuring one instrument). Classical music (with a lower case ?c?) is completely different from Classical music (with a capital ?c?), classical music is music that is quite formal, and usually played by an orchestra that has lots of string instruments.

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Jeremiah as a Christ Figure in Peace Like a River

Jeremiah as a Christ Figure in Peace like a River In the novel Peace like a River, Leif Enger creates the character Jeremiah Land as a Christ figure in order to convey the character’s role as a person whose life is spent serving others. Throughout the novel, there are many miracles performed, and some seem to obviously connect with Jeremiah. The intent of making Jeremiah a Christ figure comes to fulfillment by the novel’s end, when Jeremiah sacrifices his life to save his son, Reuben.In the creation of Jeremiah as a Christ figure, Enger reminds the reader of the importance of self-abnegation and apprehension for others, attitudes that make the pains of human experience tolerable. As stated, there are many miracles in the novel. In the beginning of the novel, Reuben sneaks outside to use the bathroom, when he sees his dad, praying in the bed if the truck and he walks straight off and continues walking without falling. At Christmas time, Davy gives Swede a saddle, but it has an unfixable break in the seam, which is miraculously fixed after Jeremiah tripping over it and bringing it up to her room.One night, after Davy had broken out of jail, Tin Lurvy stops by the Land house and is served soup, but after at least eleven bowls total were served, the pot in which it was made was more than half full. Some miracles are very obviously connected to Jeremiah, like his walking off the truck, but there are others that are not so obvious. In the New Testament, Jesus feeds five thousand people with five loaves of bread and three fish, which connects to the somehow refilling pot of soup that Tin Lurvy kept eating.Supposedly, Jeremiah would boil water with some vinegar and that would help Reuben breathe better, but I believe it was Jeremiah himself when he made it for him. There is a point in the novel where the miracles seem to cease. It is the arrival at Roxanna’s house. They were running on the extremely small amount of gas that apparently lasted for th e entire morning until the found Roxanna and the gas company. After a while, Jeremiah had decided to court Roxanna, and the miracles stopped after that, for he spent most of his time in the Airstream inherited from Tin Lurvy after his heart attack.Reuben still had trouble breathing, but when Swede made the boiled water for him, it didn’t work well. After identifying many facts that support the claim, it is certain that Enger created Jeremiah Land as a Christ figure. But, miracles sometimes being called â€Å"acts of God†, most are not. There are many ordinary miracles happening all over. A woman that works two jobs an still finds time to take her kid to soccer practice; a teenager who says no to drugs and yas to an education; these are miracles you see each day, all the time, everywhere.